🦟 Duumada (Malaria).

 Duumadu waa cudur faafa oo halis ah, waxaana keena noole yar oo la yiraahdo Plasmodium. Wuxuu ku faafo dadka marka ay qaniinto kaneecada dhedigga ah ee Anopheles. Waa cudur si weyn ugu faafa gobollada kuleylaha 🌍 sida Afrika, Aasiya, iyo Latin America, wuxuuna si gaar ah halis ugu yahay carruurta.

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🧬 Nooleyaasha Keena (Causative Agent):

Waxaa jira dhowr nooc oo Plasmodium ah:

- 🟥 Plasmodium falciparum → Nooca ugu halista badan, wuxuu sababi karaa duumada maskaxda (Cerebral Malaria).

- 🟩 Plasmodium vivax → Wuxuu sababi karaa soo noqnoqoshada cudurka sababta oo ah nooleyaal ku dhuunta beerka (Hypnozoites).

- 🟦 Plasmodium malariae → Wuxuu sababi karaa cudur muddo dheer soconaya oo aan aad u daranayn.

- 🟨 Plasmodium ovale → Wuxuu la mid yahay vivax oo leh nooleyaal ku dhuunta beerka.

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🔄 Wareegga Nolosha (Life Cycle):

1. 🦟 Kaneecada cudurka sidda waxay ku shubtaa Sporozoites dhiigga qofka.

2. 🏥 Nooleyaasha waxay gaaraan beerka, halkaasna ay isu beddelaan Merozoites.

3. 🩸 Waxay weeraraan unugyada dhiigga cas (RBCs) oo ku dhex tarma.

4. 💔 Unugyada dhiigga ayaa dillaaca, taasoo keenta dhiig-yaraan iyo calaamadaha cudurka.

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🤒 Calaamadaha (Symptoms):

- 🌡️ Qandho googo’an (Intermittent Fever)

- ❄️ Qabow iyo dhidid badan (Chills & Sweating)

- 🤕 Madax-xanuun xooggan

- 🩸 Dhiig-yaraan iyo daal guud

- 🧠 Xaaladaha halista ah: suuxdin, miyir-beel, iyo dhimasho

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🧪 Baadhitaan (Diagnosis):

- 🔬 Microscopic Blood Smear → Lagu arko nooleyaasha gudaha unugyada dhiigga.

- ⚡ Rapid Diagnostic Tests (RDTs) → Baaritaan degdeg ah.

- 📊 Complete Blood Count (CBC) → Lagu ogaanayo dhiig-yaraan iyo hoos u dhaca unugyada dhiigga.

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💊 Daaweynta (Treatment):

- 🌿 ACT (Artemisinin-based Combination Therapy) → Waa daawada ugu fiican hadda.

- 💉 Chloroquine → Waa waxtar haddii aysan jirin iska caabin.

- 🧾 Primaquine → Waxay ka saartaa nooleyaasha ku dhuunta beerka, gaar ahaan P. vivax iyo P. ovale.

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🛡️ Ka-hortagga (Prevention):

- 🛏️ Isticmaalka shabaq kaneeco oo lagu buufiyay sunta kaneecada.

- 🪰 Buufinta sunta kaneecada ee deegaanka.

- 💊 Qaadashada daawooyinka ka hortagga (Chemoprophylaxis), gaar ahaan dadka safarka ah.

- 🌍 La dagaallanka kaneecada iyo hagaajinta nadaafadda deegaanka.

✅ Gunaanad:

Duumadu waa cudur hore u jiray, balse weli waa caqabad caafimaad oo weyn.  

Ka-hortagga, ogaanshaha hore, iyo daaweynta saxda ah waa furayaasha xakamaynta cudurka 🛡️.  

Haddii dadaallada caalamiga ah la mideeyo 🌐, waxaa la yareyn karaa faafitaanka duumada, waxaana la badbaadin karaa malaayiin naf.

Xili roobaad ka aan ku jirno waa wakhtiyada ay badantahay faafkeeda iyada oo ka dhalanaysa biyo fariisid yada.

✍️ Dr. Abdikadir Ali